Aramaic Hebrew Semitic ד d ד ז ḏ ז ז z ט ṭ ט צ‍ ṯ̣* ע ע ʿ or ġ ע/ק צ‍ ḍ צ‍ צ‍ ṣ שׁ שׁ š שׁ ṯ ת ת t Other historical-linguistic processes can help in recognizing more word relationships. For example, many Semitic languages form nouns by adding an initial (“prosthetic”) א to a three letter root. Thus the number “four” (אַרְבַּע) has four letters in both Hebrew and Aramaic; however, its root is actually רבע, as can be seen from the ordinal רְבִיעִי (“fourth”). Similarly, the